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* Title

Influence of Microgroove Dimension on Cell Behavior of Human
Gingival Fibroblasts Cultured on Titanium Substrata

* Author(s)

[1]Suk-Won Lee, [2]Namsik Oh, [1]Richard Leesungbok, [3]Kung-Rock Kwon

* Institution(s)

[1]Dept. of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Dental Hospital, Kyung Hee
Univ. East-West Neo Medical Center,
[2]Dept. of Dentistry, College of Medicine,Inha Univ.,
[3]Dept. of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee Univ.

*Address

149, Sangil-Dong, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul, 134-727, Korea

* City

Seoul

* Nationality

Korea

* Telephone

82-2-440-7519

* Fax

82-2-440-6549

* E-mail

ysprosth@hanmail.net

* Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the dimension of surface microgrooves on Ti substrata that shows the greatest positive influence on characterizing specific cell behaviors.

* Material and Methods

Commercially pure Ti discs with surface microgrooves of monotonous 3.5 μm in depth and respective 15, 30, and 60 μm in width were fabricated using photolithography and used as the culture substrata in the 3 experimental groups in this study (TiD15, TiD30, and TiD60 groups), whereas the smooth Ti disc was used as the control substrata (smooth Ti group). Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured on the four groups of titanium substrata on successive timelines. Various cell behaviors were compared between all groups using crystal violet stain, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XTT assay, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

* Results

SEM demonstrated that the cells were able to readily descend into the microgrooves of TiD30 at the early phase of culture and showed abundant filopodia formation towards the acid-etched surface inside the microgrooves. TiD15 significantly increased the cell viability and proliferation compared with the smooth Ti substrata after 72 h of culture. Up-regulation of fibronectin and α5 integrin genes was noted in cells cultured on TiD15 and TiD30. Gene expression pattern specific to the cells in 3D-matrix culture, such as down-regulation of α-smooth muscle actin gene along with up-regulation of fibronectin and p21 genes, was pronounced in cells cultured on TiD30.

* Conclusion

This study indicates that surface microgrooves of both 15 and 30 μm in width and a monotonous 3.5 μm in depth on Ti substrata increase various cell behaviors of cultured human gingival fibroblasts.